Autonomous driving research and development application of image sensors play a role

Recently, the Japanese government released a version of the autonomous driving development plan. It plans to achieve L4 level autonomous driving services in restricted spaces such as abandoned train tracks as early as 2022, and expand the service to include highways and ordinary vehicles in 2025. More than 40 areas including roads.

In recent years, with the support of the government, major Japanese automakers have continuously increased their research and development efforts in the field of autonomous driving. Toyota Motor Corporation announced in January this year that it will build a smart city centered on connected cars and self-driving pure electric vehicles in Susono City, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, with all products and services connected via the Internet, and plans to start construction in early 2021. Nissan Motor Co. has adopted L2 autonomous driving technology on its representative model "Skyline" and is trying to reduce the price of services such as 3D map data to increase sales. Honda Motor Co. plans to release a model capable of L3 autonomous driving on highways within this year.

Advanced companies in other fields in Japan have also used their technological advantages to join this industry competition. The Japanese IT giant SoftBank and Toyota Motor Co., Ltd. have cooperated and jointly established a company dedicated to providing new mobility services. Autonomous driving mobility services will become an important part of the cooperation. Sony has introduced a dedicated image sensor to improve the sensitivity to light, allowing autonomous vehicles to work normally in dark environments, and released a trial car equipped with the company's autonomous driving system. Sharp, Panasonic, Toshiba and other companies announced that they will launch lidar products used in autonomous driving sensors.

The image sensor is the core and most critical technology of digital cameras. In traditional cameras, film is a kind of photosensitive material. After a specific chemical treatment, it will record the captured images. In digital cameras, the image sensor replaces the position of the film, forming an electronic image.

In addition to the photoelectric cell that plays a photosensitive role, the image sensor also includes a series of other components to make better use of light. A micro lens is installed in front of each pixel, which acts as a "bundling" of the light beam. Micro lenses can reduce the loss of edge light. Unlike traditional film, the photodiode of the image sensor is difficult to use the edge beam that is incident obliquely, and the photo is dark around it. The microlens enables the light at the corners of the sensor to enter a single photoelectric tube vertically.

A single photocell can only record the brightness value, that is to say, the photocell is "color blind". In order to take color photos, three primary color filters of red, green and blue are installed on the front layer of the photodiode.

In Bayer filters, the proportional relationship between the filters is 25% red, 25% blue, and 50% green. All the colors on the computer screen are made by mixing these three colors in different proportions. If the maximum amount of light is recorded in all three colors, the pixels are displayed in white. Conversely, if nothing is recorded in the three primary colors, the pixel is displayed as black. The various colors obtained by superimposing the three colors of red, green and blue cover all the colors that the human eye can perceive. Green accounts for half of it because human eyes are more sensitive to green.

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Copper gets used commercially in most electrical products as superfine wire or circuits. If the circuits and wires are maintained during use and they have no flaws than they are perfect for recycling as scrap metal. Circuit board recycling is a common way to get high-quality copper This also means the surface of the copper is in excellent condition. Recycling copper for the best price and future repurposing is getting designated a grade `A` quality product.

Copper acquired from power cables is also a fine wire with high connectivity. The quality is slightly less high than for commercial electronics, but it has a reduced amount of impurities. This type of wire will have a minimum amount of impurities, but when heated and mixed with a higher grade copper the high-grade copper will be diluted. This makes the wire reusable.

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Posted on May 21, 2023